Chemical Coordination And Integration — DPP 2

20 NEET questions from Chemical Coordination And Integration, with answers and explanations. Attempt it as a timed test to get scoring, accuracy breakdown and mistake tracking.

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1
The neuroendocrine structure is
  1. A Hypothalamus
  2. B Adrenal cortex
  3. C Pancreas
  4. D Thyroid
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Correct answer: A

The neuroendocrine structure is hypothalamus which is considered as the connecting link between the nervous system and endocrine system.
2
Hormone that functions through secondary messenger is
  1. A Glucagon
  2. B Estrogen
  3. C Cortisol
  4. D Iodothyronines
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Correct answer: A

Glucagon is a peptide hormone that requires membrane bound receptors, whereas estrogen, iodothyronines and cortisol require intra-cellular receptors.
3
In females, LH stimulates _______ in the ovary to secrete ________.
  1. A Graafian follicle, ICSH respectively
  2. B Graafian follicle, prolactin respectively
  3. C Corpus luteum, FSH respectively
  4. D Corpus luteum, progesterone respectively
Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: D

In females LH stimulates the corpus luteum to secrete progesterone.

→ Graafian follicles are stimulated by FSH or follicle stimulating hormones and stimulates the development of follicles and oocyte.
4
Innermost layer of adrenal cortex secretes mainly
  1. A Adosterone
  2. B Cortisol
  3. C Androgenic steroids
  4. D Epinephrine
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Correct answer: C

Zona reticularis layer secretes mainly androgenic corticoids i.e., androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone. Aldosterone is secreted from zona glomerulosa and cortisol from zona fasciculata of adrenal cortex. Epinephrine is secreted from adrenal medulla.
5
Progesterone and estradiol are
  1. A Peptide hormones
  2. B Amino acid derivatives
  3. C Iodothyronines
  4. D Steroid hormones
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Correct answer: D

Steroid hormone : Progesterone and estradiol.

Peptide hormone : Oxytocin, vasopressin.

Amino acid hormone : Thyroxine, norepinephrine, epinephrine.

Iodothyronine : $T _ { 3 }$ and $T _ { 4 }$
6
All of the following are true for hormone gastrin except
  1. A Acts antagonistically to enterogastrone
  2. B Increase secretion of HCl
  3. C Increase secretion of pepsinogen
  4. D Increase secretion of gastric amylase
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Correct answer: D

Digestion of carbohydrates starts in mouth but does not occur in stomach due to absence of gastric amylase.
7
A gland X is present over the surface of another gland Y. Latter secretes a hormone that controls the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. The X and Y are
  1. A Parathyroid and thyroid gland, respectively
  2. B Pituitary and hypothalamus, respectively
  3. C Adrenal gland and kidney, respectively
  4. D Thymus and heart, respectively
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Correct answer: A

Parathyroid glands (four pairs) are found on the surface of thyroid gland and thyroid gland secretes thyroxine which regulates the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

→ Pituitary gland is present on the surface of the hypothalamus, and associated through a stalk while latter controls the pituitary gland through trophic and inhibitory hormones.

→ Adrenal gland is present on the dorsal surface of kidney which secretes calcitonin and latter controls the $\mathrm { Ca } ^ { 2 + }$ homeostasis.
8
Which of the following is under the direct control of neurosecretory cells?
  1. A Pars distalis and pars intermedia
  2. B Pars intermedia and pars nervosa
  3. C Pars nervosa only
  4. D Pars distalis only
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Correct answer: C

The hormones that are released from part nervosa are - Oxytocin and ADH. The hormones are secreted by the neurosecretory nuclei that are present in the hypothalamus. The axons extend upto the pars nervosa where the hormones are stored and released later.
9
Which of the following forms a hormone receptor complex on the cell membrane?
  1. A Cortisol
  2. B Testosterone
  3. C Insulin
  4. D Progesterone
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Correct answer: C

Water soluble hormones do not cross the cell membrane. They bind to the extracellular receptors which generates second messengers such as $\mathrm { Ca } ^ { 2 + }$, cAMP, $\mathrm { IP } _ { 3 }$ etc. This further activates the existing enzyme system of the cell and accelerates the biochemical reaction in the cell.
10
Select the incorrect match
  1. A Gastrin - Stimulates gastric gland secretions
  2. B CCK - Targets both pancreas and gall bladder
  3. C Erythropoietin - Stimulates RBC production
  4. D Cortisol - Inflammatory mineralocorticoid
Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: D

Cortisol is a glucocorticoid and produces anti-inflammatory reactions and suppresses the immune response.
11
Ram has high level of calcium in his blood. Excess of which hormone can cause this effect?
  1. A Thyrocalcitonin
  2. B Growth hormone
  3. C Parathormone
  4. D Insulin
Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: C

Ram has high level of calcium in his blood. This may be caused by high amount of parathormone which results in the increased blood calcium level by increasing the osteoclast activity and increase absorption of calcium in the blood from the renal tubules.

Thyrocalcitonin has antagonistic effect on parathormone i.e. decreases the blood calcium level while growth hormone also increases the deposition of calcium in the bones.
12
Which of the following hormone is not synthesized by pituitary gland?
  1. A Gonadotropins
  2. B Somatostatin
  3. C Somatotropin
  4. D Prolactin
Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: B

Somatostatin is another name of Growth hormone Inhibiting Hormone (GHIH) which is produced by hypothalamus. Gonadotrophins (LH & FSH), somatotropin (Growth hormone) and prolactin (PRL) are produced by anterior pituitary.
13
Cortisol can perform all the following functions except
  1. A Lipolysis and proteolysis
  2. B Gluconeogenesis
  3. C Immunosuppressive hormone and stimulates erythropoiesis
  4. D Inflammatory response
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Correct answer: D

Cortisol acts as life saving hormone and is anti-inflammatory in response.
14
Nervous system differs from endocrine system because in the former
  1. A Transmission of information is comparatively slower
  2. B Response is comparatively slower
  3. C Response is of longer duration
  4. D Response is limited to only those cells which are innervated by neurons
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Correct answer: D

Neural system transmits messages through impulses. This involves faster transmission of information than endocrine system. Nervous system is not connected directly to every cell while endocrine glands release hormones in blood that reach every cell of the body through blood. Neural response is rapid and lasts for shorter duration as compared to endocrine system.
15
Travelers who quickly cross several time zones experience jet lag due to disruption of their diurnal rhythm which is caused due to [NCERT Pg. 242]
  1. A Deficiency of thyroxine
  2. B Disruption of activity of pineal gland
  3. C Overproduction of MSH
  4. D Deficiency of thymosin
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Correct answer: B

When a person travels across different time zones, then due to alteration in timing and duration of day and night; secretion of melatonin is disturbed which affects the diurnal rhythm of our body. Melatonin secretion increases during night due to darkness.
16
Epinephrine and norepinephrine are known as
  1. A Antidiabetic hormone
  2. B Gametogenic hormone
  3. C Hypoglycemic hormone
  4. D Stress hormones
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Correct answer: D

Adrenal medulla is a sympathetic ganglia that releases stress hormones. These hormones produced by post ganglionic neurons are transported through blood and are known as neurohormones. e.g.; epinephrine and norepinephrine.
17
Biomolecule considered as an intercellular messenger is
  1. A DNA
  2. B mRNA
  3. C Hormone
  4. D Enzyme
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Correct answer: C

Hormones are considered as intercellular messengers in hormonal action. mRNA is considered as cellular messenger and acts only within a cell.
18
Select the set of disorders which are caused due to hyposecretion of hormones
  1. A Acromegaly and Cretinism
  2. B Exophthalmic goitre and Diabetes mellitus
  3. C Tetany and Cretinism
  4. D Diabetes insipidus and Acromegaly
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Correct answer: C

Acromegaly is caused due to hypersecretion of growth hormone in adults. Cretinism is caused due to deficiency of thyroid hormone whereas exophthalmic goitre is caused due to excessive secretion of thyroxine. Diabetes mellitus is caused by deficiency of insulin while diabetes insipidus is caused by deficiency of ADH.
19
Select the odd one among the diabetogenic hormones
  1. A Growth hormone
  2. B Cortisol
  3. C Glucagon
  4. D Insulin
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Correct answer: D

Growth hormone, cortisol and glucagon cause increase in blood sugar level. Insulin stimulates glucose uptake by cells and further its utilisation for energy or conversion into glycogen leading to a decline in blood glucose level.
20
The neurosecretory cells of hypothalamus which produce hormones are called
  1. A Nephrons
  2. B Nuclei
  3. C Granular cells
  4. D Globular cells
Show answer & explanation

Correct answer: B

Nephrons - Unit of excretory system.

Nuclei - Nuclei consists of compact clusters of neurons. Neurosecretory nuclei of hypothalamus secrete hormones.

Granular cells - Granular cells are small neurons, present in various parts of the brain, they have small cell-bodies.

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